What is the approximate risk of HIV transmission after a percutaneous needle-stick exposure?

What is the approximate risk of HIV transmission after a percutaneous needle-stick exposure?

• A. 0.3%
• B. 3%
• C. 0.03%
• D. 0.003%

Answer: (A)

When HIV is transmitted through a percutaneous needle-stick, the virus is introduced into the bloodstream, but the amount that actually establishes infection is relatively small. Across occupational exposure data, the baseline risk is about 0.3%, meaning roughly 3 infections per 1000 needle-stick exposures. This estimate is used to guide counseling and the decision to start post-exposure prophylaxis, which can further reduce risk if begun promptly. The figure is not as high as several percent, nor as low as a fraction of a percent like 0.03% or 0.003%.

When HIV is transmitted through a percutaneous needle-stick, the virus is introduced into the bloodstream, but the amount that actually establishes infection is relatively small. Across occupational exposure data, the baseline risk is about 0.3%, meaning roughly 3 infections per 1000 needle-stick exposures. This estimate is used to guide counseling and the decision to start post-exposure prophylaxis, which can further reduce risk if begun promptly. The figure is not as high as several percent, nor as low as a fraction of a percent like 0.03% or 0.003%.